针对没有建立swap或者swap空间比较小时创建swap空间。
1、对硬盘进行分区。
#fdisk /dev/sda
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 69.7 GB, 69793218560 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8485 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 1305 10482381 83 linux
/dev/sda2 1829 5221 27254272+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1306 1827 4192965 83 Linux
Partition table entries are not in disk order
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (1828-8485, default 1828): 5222
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (5222-8485, default 8485): 7309
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 4
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82
Changed system type of partition 4 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 69.7 GB, 69793218560 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8485 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1829 5221 27254272+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1306 1827 4192965 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 5222 7309 16771860 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition table entries are not in disk order
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@ENGtest sbin]# df -k
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% mounted on
/dev/sda1 10153988 3347580 6282292 35% /
/dev/sda3 4061572 3432952 418972 90% /worktmp
/dev/sda2 26400508 7456328 17581468 30% /oracle
tmpfs 3936180 0 3936180 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb 205392632 191892 194767412 1% /oracledata1
/dev/sdc 205392632 191892 194767412 1% /oracledata2
/dev/sdd 137272424 192132 130107264 1% /oracledata3
[root@ENGtest sbin]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 69.7 GB, 69793218560 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8485 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1829 5221 27254272+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1306 1827 4192965 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 5222 7309 16771860 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition table entries are not in disk order
2、建立swap分区，并且进行加载。
[root@ENGtest /]#
[root@ENGtest /]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 69.7 GB, 69793218560 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8485 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1829 5221 27254272+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1306 1827 4192965 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 5222 7309 16771860 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition table entries are not in disk order
[root@ENGtest /]# ls -l
total 392
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 30 13:32 bin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 30 19:59 boot
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 3800 Feb 2 16:23 dev
drwxr-xr-x 100 root root 12288 Feb 2 16:30 etc
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jan 9 21:14 home
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 21 10:59 install_doc
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Jan 17 04:02 lib
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Dec 30 13:31 lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Dec 30 19:53 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 16:23 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Feb 2 16:23 misc
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:42 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Feb 2 16:23 net
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 11 2006 opt
drwxr-xr-x 6 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 22 10:54 oracle
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 9 16:22 oracledata1
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 9 16:35 oracledata2
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 9 16:41 oracledata3
dr-xr-xr-x 150 root root 0 Feb 2 16:22 proc
drwxr-x--- 23 root root 4096 Feb 2 16:23 root
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Feb 2 16:23 sbin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 199516 Jan 21 10:58 Screenshot-Oracle Database 10g Installation - Installation Method.png
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 0 Feb 2 16:22 selinux
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 11 2006 srv
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 16:26 swap
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 0 Feb 2 16:22 sys
drwxrwxrwt 17 root root 4096 Feb 2 16:23 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 16 root root 4096 Jan 16 16:28 usr
drwxr-xr-x 24 root root 4096 Dec 30 20:20 var
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jan 19 10:46 worktmp
[root@ENGtest /]# rmdir swap
[root@ENGtest /]# ls -l
total 384
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 30 13:32 bin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 30 19:59 boot
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 3800 Feb 2 16:23 dev
drwxr-xr-x 100 root root 12288 Feb 2 16:30 etc
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jan 9 21:14 home
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 21 10:59 install_doc
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Jan 17 04:02 lib
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Dec 30 13:31 lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Dec 30 19:53 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 16:23 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Feb 2 16:23 misc
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:42 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Feb 2 16:23 net
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 11 2006 opt
drwxr-xr-x 6 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 22 10:54 oracle
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 9 16:22 oracledata1
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 9 16:35 oracledata2
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 9 16:41 oracledata3
dr-xr-xr-x 150 root root 0 Feb 2 16:22 proc
drwxr-x--- 23 root root 4096 Feb 2 16:23 root
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Feb 2 16:23 sbin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 199516 Jan 21 10:58 Screenshot-Oracle Database 10g Installation - Installation Method.png
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 0 Feb 2 16:22 selinux
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 11 2006 srv
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 0 Feb 2 16:22 sys
drwxrwxrwt 17 root root 4096 Feb 2 16:23 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 16 root root 4096 Jan 16 16:28 usr
drwxr-xr-x 24 root root 4096 Dec 30 20:20 var
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jan 19 10:46 worktmp
[root@ENGtest /]# mkswap /dev/sda4
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 17174380 kB
[root@ENGtest /]# swapon /dev/swap
swapon: cannot stat /dev/swap: No such file or directory
[root@ENGtest /]# swapon /dev/sda4
[root@ENGtest /]# top
top - 16:33:00 up 10 min, 1 user, load average: 0.10, 0.28, 0.29
Tasks: 135 total, 4 running, 129 sleeping, 2 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.5%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 7872512k total, 814760k used, 7057752k free, 25516k buffers
Swap: 16771852k total, 0k used, 16771852k free, 330096k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
2961 root 15 0 83872 10m 5316 S 1 0.1 0:02.59 Xorg
3240 root 16 0 260m 13m 8476 S 1 0.2 0:00.44 gnome-terminal
3565 root 15 0 12716 1068 792 R 1 0.0 0:00.09 top
1 root 15 0 10312 664 560 S 0 0.0 0:00.78 init
2 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.08 migration/0
3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/0
4 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0
5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/1
6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/1
7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1
8 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.05 events/0
9 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 events/1
10 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
11 root 11 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kthread
13 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 xenwatch
14 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 xenbus
17 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/0
[3]+ Stopped top
[root@ENGtest /]# df -k
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 10153988 3347708 6282164 35% /
/dev/sda3 4061572 3432952 418972 90% /worktmp
/dev/sda2 26400508 7456328 17581468 30% /oracle
tmpfs 3936180 0 3936180 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb 205392632 191892 194767412 1% /oracledata1
/dev/sdc 205392632 191892 194767412 1% /oracledata2
/dev/sdd 137272424 192132 130107264 1% /oracledata3
3、修改文件 /etc/fstab或者/etc/rc.d/rc.local,是启动的时候自动加载swap
如果让swap开机就加载，应该改 /etc/fstab文件，加类似如下一行；
注：把此行中的/dev/hda7 改为您的交换分区就行；
或者把命令行直接写入 /etc/rc.d/rc.local中也行；
[root@ENGtest /]# cd etc
[root@ENGtest etc]# cd rc.d
[root@ENGtest rc.d]# ls
init.d rc0.d rc2.d rc4.d rc6.d rc.sysinit
rc rc1.d rc3.d rc5.d rc.local
[root@ENGtest rc.d]# ls -l
total 112
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 init.d
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2255 Sep 22 2006 rc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 rc0.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 rc1.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 rc2.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 rc3.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 rc4.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 rc5.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 rc6.d
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 220 Jun 24 2003 rc.local
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26376 Jan 19 2007 rc.sysinit
[root@ENGtest rc.d]# cp rc
rc rc1.d/ rc3.d/ rc5.d/ rc.local
rc0.d/ rc2.d/ rc4.d/ rc6.d/ rc.sysinit
[root@ENGtest rc.d]# cp rc.local rc.local20090202
[root@ENGtest rc.d]# ls-l
-bash: ls-l: command not found
[root@ENGtest rc.d]# ls -l
total 120
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 init.d
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2255 Sep 22 2006 rc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 rc0.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 rc1.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 rc2.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 rc3.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 rc4.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 rc5.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 16:41 rc6.d
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 220 Jun 24 2003 rc.local
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 220 Feb 2 16:40 rc.local20090202
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26376 Jan 19 2007 rc.sysinit
[root@ENGtest rc.d]# vi rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
swapon /dev/sda4
~
"rc.local" 8L, 237C written
[root@ENGtest rc.d]# ls
init.d rc0.d rc2.d rc4.d rc6.d rc.local20090202
rc rc1.d rc3.d rc5.d rc.local rc.sysinit
[root@ENGtest rc.d]# reboot
Broadcast message from root (pts/1) (Mon Feb 2 16:41:28 2009):
The system is going down for reboot NOW!
[root@ENGtest rc.d]#
[root@ENGtest rc.d]#
[root@ENGtest rc.d]# reboot