ifconfig # 查看所有网络接口的属性
bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr F4:CE:46:7E:D7:68
inet addr:10.56.236.101 Bcast:10.56.236.127 Mask:255.255.255.128
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:196625663 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:166879878 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:30475502617 (28.3 GiB) TX bytes:34248137790 (31.8 GiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr F4:CE:46:7E:D7:68
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:196625663 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:166879878 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:30475502617 (28.3 GiB) TX bytes:34248137790 (31.8 GiB)
Interrupt:130 Memory:fb000000-fb7fffff
iptables -L # 查看防火墙设置
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
route -n # 查看路由表
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.56.236.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.128 U 0 0 0 bond0
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 bond0
0.0.0.0 10.56.236.126 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 bond0
netstat -lntp # 查看所有监听端口
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2049 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:389 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12782/ns-slapd
# netstat -antp # 查看所有已经建立的连接
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2049 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:389 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12782/ns-slapd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:11111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15217/ricci
netstat -s # 查看网络统计信息
Ip:
195815097 total packets received
8 forwarded
0 incoming packets discarded
195814891 incoming packets delivered
167012221 requests sent out
3 outgoing packets dropped
7 fragments dropped after timeout
231 reassemblies required
33 packets reassembled ok
7 packet reassembles failed
8 fragments received ok
32 fragments created
Icmp:
25034 ICMP messages received
16 input ICMP message failed.
ICMP input histogram:
destination unreachable: 173
echo requests: 13025
echo replies: 11836
25060 ICMP messages sent
0 ICMP messages failed
ICMP output histogram:
destination unreachable: 185
echo request: 11842
echo replies: 13025
IcmpMsg:
InType0: 11836
InType3: 173
InType8: 13025
OutType0: 13025
OutType3: 185
OutType8: 11842
OutType10: 8
三，进程
ps -ef # 查看所有进程
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 Jul10 ? 00:00:05 init [3]
root 2 1 0 Jul10 ? 00:00:03 [migration/0]
root 3 1 0 Jul10 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 4 1 0 Jul10 ? 00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
top # 实时显示进程状态
Tasks: 385 total, 1 running, 384 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.2%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.6%id, 0.8%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 16432172k total, 3795132k used, 12637040k free, 800952k buffers
Swap: 16777208k total, 0k used, 16777208k free, 1729708k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
7339 root 15 0 11016 1192 700 R 2.0 0.0 0:00.01 top
17378 root 10 -5 0 0 0 D 2.0 0.0 6:50.74 kjournald
1 root 15 0 10372 704 596 S 0.0 0.0 0:05.31 init
四，用户
w # 查看活动用户 （www.jb200.com 脚本学堂）
14:33:53 up 4 days, 3:15, 1 user, load average: 1.17, 1.14, 1.10
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root pts/0 10.141.41.62 13:11 0.00s 0.05s 0.05s -bash
id <用户名> # 查看指定用户信息
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),4(adm),6(disk),10(wheel)
last # 查看用户登录日志
root pts/0 10.141.41.62 Mon Jul 14 13:11 still logged in
root pts/0 10.141.41.62 Mon Jul 14 10:38 - 12:34 (01:56)
root pts/0 10.141.152.51 Sun Jul 13 07:14 - 11:55 (04:41)
root pts/2 10.140.2.76 Fri Jul 11 17:50 - 18:38 (00:47)
cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd # 查看系统所有用户
# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd
root
bin
daemon
adm
cut -d: -f1 /etc/group # 查看系统所有组
root
bin
daemon
sys
adm
tty
disk
crontab -l # 查看当前用户的计划任务
五，服务
chkconfig --list # 列出所有系统服务
httpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
nfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
nfslock 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
nscd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
ntpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
oddjobd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
oractl 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
snmpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
snmptrapd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
syslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
chkconfig –list | grep on # 列出所有启动的系统服务
六，程序
七，其他linux常用命令：
查看主板的序列号：dmidecode | grep -i 'serial number'
用硬件检测程序kuduz探测新硬件：service kudzu start （ or restart）
查看CPU信息：cat /proc/cpuinfo [dmesg | grep -i 'cpu'][dmidecode -t processor]
查看内存信息：cat /proc/meminfo [free -m][vmstat]
查看板卡信息：cat /proc/pci
查看显卡/声卡信息：lspci |grep -i 'VGA'[dmesg | grep -i 'VGA']
查看网卡信息：dmesg | grep -i 'eth'[cat /etc/sysconfig/hwconf | grep -i eth][lspci | grep -i 'eth']
查看PCI信息：lspci （相比cat /proc/pci更直观）
查看USB设备：cat /proc/bus/usb/devices
查看键盘和鼠标：cat /proc/bus/input/devices
查看系统硬盘信息和使用情况：fdisk & disk – l & df
查看各设备的中断请求（IRQ）：cat /proc/interrupts
查看系统体系结构：uname -a
查看及启动系统的32位或64位内核模式：isalist –v [isainfo –v][isainfo –b]
查看硬件信息，包括bios、cpu、内存等信息：dmidecode
测定当前的显示器刷新频率：/usr/sbin/ffbconfig –rev ?
查看系统配置：/usr/platform/sun4u/sbin/prtdiag –v
查看当前系统中已经应用的补丁：showrev –p
显示当前的运行级别：who –rH
查看当前的bind版本信息：nslookup –class=chaos –q=txt version.bind
查看硬件信息：dmesg | more
显示外设信息， 如usb，网卡等信息：lspci
查看已加载的驱动：lsnod lshw
查看当前处理器的类型和速度（主频）：psrinfo -v
打印当前的OBP版本号：prtconf -v
查看硬盘物理信息（vendor， RPM， Capacity）：iostat –E
查看磁盘的几何参数和分区信息：prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s
显示已经使用和未使用的i-node数目：
df –F ufs –o i
isalist –v
对于“/proc”中文件可使用文件查看命令浏览其内容，文件中包含系统特定信息：
主机CPU信息：Cpuinfo
主机DMA通道信息：Dma
文件系统信息：Filesystems
主机中断信息：Interrupts
主机I/O端口号信息：Ioprots
主机内存信息：Meninfo
Linux内存版本信息：Version
备注：
proc – process information pseudo-filesystem 进程信息伪装文件系统