本文介绍了linux系统中修改网卡名称的方法，修改 /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules文件中的映射关系，需要的朋友参考下。
本节内容：
linux修改网卡名称
一、问题说明
因为虚拟机之间经常复制来复制去，导致网卡配置这块的不一致现象，因此考虑修改网卡名称。
配置文件的信息：
[root@ora10g network-scripts]# catifcfg-
eth0
DEVICE="eth0"
NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.1.12
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=no
NAME="System eth0"
UUID=5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03
HWADDR=08:00:27:BD:A6:ED
[root@ora10g network-scripts]# catifcfg-eth1
DEVICE="eth1"
NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.1.13
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNS1=8.8.8.8
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME="System eth1"
UUID=9c92fad9-6ecb-3e6c-eb4d-8a47c6f50c04
HWADDR=08:00:27:6E:86:10
这里对应的是网卡名称是eth0和eth1.
但是如果使用ifconfig 命令查看：
[root@ora10g network-scripts]# ifconfig -a
eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr08:00:27:BD:A6:ED
inet addr:192.168.1.12 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:febd:a6ed/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:187 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:59 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:16356 (15.9 KiB) TXbytes:6116 (5.9 KiB)
eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr08:00:27:6E:86:10
inet addr:192.168.1.13 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe6e:8610/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1357 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1099 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:120604 (117.7 KiB) TXbytes:115937 (113.2 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:480 (480.0 b) TXbytes:480 (480.0 b)
这里的网卡名称是eth2和eth3.
二、解决方法
修改 /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules文件中的映射关系即可。
--修改之前：
[root@ora10g network-scripts]# cat/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
# This file was automatically generated bythe /lib/udev/write_net_rules
# program, run by thepersistent-net-generator.rules rules file.
#
# You can modify it, as long as you keepeach rule on a single
# line, and change only the value of theNAME= key.
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net",ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:d4:ab:67",ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net",ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:af:2b:37",ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net",ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:bd:a6:ed",ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1",KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth2"
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net",ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:6e:86:10",ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1",KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth3"
--修改之后：
[root@ora10g network-scripts]# cat/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
# This file was automatically generated bythe /lib/udev/write_net_rules
# program, run by thepersistent-net-generator.rules rules file.
#
# You can modify it, as long as you keepeach rule on a single
# line, and change only the value of theNAME= key.
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net",ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:6E:86:10",ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net",ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:BD:A6:ED",ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
注意，此处mac地址要与ifcfg-eth0 保持一致。
然后重启下网卡和udev：
--ifdown 网卡：
ifdown eth0
ifdown eth1
--重启udev
/etc/init.d/udev-post stop;
/etc/init.d/udev-post start
--或使用：
service udev-post stop
service udev-post start
注意： 对与oracle linux 是udev-post, 而redhat 是udev。
--ifup：
ifup eth0
ifup eth1
注意，在测试中，这2个都没有效果，要把整个OS都重启了才生效。
