getopt命令行选项与参数处理教程详解

#!/bin/bash
for arg in "$*"
do
    echo $arg
done

echo

for arg in "$@"
do
    echo $arg
done
$ bash test.sh -f config.conf -v --prefix=/home
-f config.conf -v --prefix=/home #这是"$*"的输出

#!/bin/bash
while getopts "a:bc" arg #选项后面的冒号表示该选项需要参数
do
  case $arg in
       a)
    echo "a's arg:$OPTARG" #参数存在$OPTARG中
    ;;
       b)
    echo "b"
    ;;
       c)
    echo "c"
    ;;
       ?)  #当有不认识的选项的时候arg为?
      echo "unkonw argument"
  exit 1
  ;;
  esac
done
$ bash test.sh -a arg -b -c
a's arg:arg
b
c
$ bash test.sh -a arg -bc
a's arg:arg
b
c
 

#!/bin/bash

#-o表示短选项，两个冒号表示该选项有一个可选参数，可选参数必须紧贴选项
#如-carg 而不能是-c arg
#--long表示长选项
#"$@"在上面解释过
# -n:出错时的信息
# -- ：举一个例子比较好理解：
#我们要创建一个名字为 "-f"的目录你会怎么办？
# mkdir -f #不成功，因为-f会被mkdir当作选项来解析，这时就可以使用
# mkdir -- -f 这样-f就不会被作为选项。

TEMP=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long::
     -n 'example.bash' -- "$@"`

if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "Terminating..." >&2 ; exit 1 ; fi

# Note the quotes around `$TEMP': they are essential!
#set 会重新排列参数的顺序，也就是改变$1,$2...$n的值，这些值在getopt中重新排列过了
eval set -- "$TEMP"

#经过getopt的处理，下面处理具体选项。

while true ; do
  case "$1" in
    -a|--a-long) echo "Option a" ; shift ;;
    -b|--b-long) echo "Option b, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
    -c|--c-long)
      # c has an optional argument. As we are in quoted mode,
      # an empty parameter will be generated if its optional
      # argument is not found.
      case "$2" in
        "") echo "Option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;;
        *)  echo "Option c, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
      esac ;;
    --) shift ; break ;;
    *) echo "Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;;
  esac
done
echo "Remaining arguments:"
for arg do
   echo '--> '"`$arg'" ;
done
$ bash test.sh -a -b arg arg1 -c
Option a
Option b, argument `arg'
Option c, no argument
Remaining arguments:
--> `arg1'
 

#!/bin/bash
#
######################  proc defination  ########################
# ignore rule
ignore_init()
{
  # ignore password
  array_ignore_pwd_length=0
  if [ -f ./ignore_pwd ]; then
    while read IGNORE_PWD
    do
      array_ignore_pwd[$array_ignore_pwd_length]=$IGNORE_PWD
      let array_ignore_pwd_length=$array_ignore_pwd_length+1
    done < ./ignore_pwd
  fi

  # ignore ip address
  array_ignore_ip_length=0
  if [ -f ./ignore_ip ]; then
    while read IGNORE_IP
    do
      array_ignore_ip[$array_ignore_ip_length]=$IGNORE_IP
      let array_ignore_ip_length=$array_ignore_ip_length+1
    done < ./ignore_ip
  fi
}

show_version()
{
  echo "version: 1.0"
  echo "updated date: 2014-01-09"
}

show_usage()
{
  echo -e "`printf %-16s "Usage: $0"` [-h|--help]"
  echo -e "`printf %-16s ` [-v|-V|--version]"
  echo -e "`printf %-16s ` [-l|--iplist ... ]"
  echo -e "`printf %-16s ` [-c|--config ... ]"
  echo -e "`printf %-16s ` [-t|--sshtimeout ... ]"
  echo -e "`printf %-16s ` [-T|--fttimeout ... ]"
  echo -e "`printf %-16s ` [-L|--bwlimit ... ]"
  echo -e "`printf %-16s ` [-n|--ignore]"
  #echo "ignr_flag: 'ignr'-some ip will be ignored; otherwise-all ip will be handled"
}

# Default Parameters
myIFS=":::"     # 配置文件中的分隔符

TOOLDIR=/root/scripts
cd $TOOLDIR

IPLIST="iplist.txt"         # IP列表，格式为IP 端口 用户名 密码
CONFIG_FILE="config.txt"    # 命令列表和文件传送配置列表，关键字为com:::和file:::
IGNRFLAG="noignr"           # 如果置为ignr，则脚本会进行忽略条件的判断
SSHTIMEOUT=100        # 远程命令执行相关操作的超时设定，单位为秒
SCPTIMEOUT=2000       # 文件传送相关操作的超时设定，单位为秒
BWLIMIT=1024000       # 文件传送的带宽限速，单位为kbit/s

# 入口参数分析
TEMP=`getopt -o hvVl:c:t:T:L:n --long help,version,iplist:,config:,sshtimeout:,fttimeout:,bwlimit:,ignore -- "$@" 2>/dev/null`

[ $? != 0 ] && echo -e "33[31mERROR: unknown argument! 33[0mn" && show_usage && exit 1

# 会将符合getopt参数规则的参数摆在前面，其他摆在后面，并在最后面添加--
eval set -- "$TEMP"

while :
do
  [ -z "$1" ] && break;
  case "$1" in
    -h|--help)
      show_usage; exit 0
      ;;
    -v|-V|--version)
      show_version; exit 0
      ;;
    -l|--iplist)
      IPLIST=$2; shift 2
      ;;
    -c|--config)
      CONFIG_FILE=$2; shift 2
      ;;
    -t|--sshtimeout)
      SSHTIMEOUT=$2; shift 2
      ;;
    -T|--fttimeout)
      SCPTIMEOUT=$2; shift 2
      ;;
    -L|--bwlimit)
      BWLIMIT=$2; shift 2
      ;;
    -n|--ignore)
      IGNRFLAG="ignr"; shift
      ;;
    --)
      shift
      ;;
    *)
      echo -e "33[31mERROR: unknown argument! 33[0mn" && show_usage && exit 1
      ;;
  esac
done

################  main  #######################
BEGINDATETIME=`date "+%F %T"`
[ ! -f $IPLIST ] && echo -e "33[31mERROR: iplist "$IPLIST" not exists, please check! 33[0mn" && exit 1

[ ! -f $CONFIG_FILE ] && echo -e "33[31mERROR: config "$CONFIG_FILE" not exists, please check! 33[0mn" && exit 1

echo
echo "You are using:"
echo -e "`printf %-16s ""$CONFIG_FILE""` ---- as your config"
echo -e "`printf %-16s ""$IPLIST""` ---- as your iplist"
echo -e "`printf %-16s ""$SSHTIMEOUT""` ---- as your ssh timeout"
echo -e "`printf %-16s ""$SCPTIMEOUT""` ---- as your scp timeout"
echo -e "`printf %-16s ""$BWLIMIT""` ---- as your bwlimit"
echo -e "`printf %-16s ""$IGNRFLAG""` ---- as your ignore flag"
echo

[ -f ipnologin.txt ] && rm -f ipnologin.txt
IPSEQ=0
while read IP PORT USER PASSWD PASSWD_2ND PASSWD_3RD PASSWD_4TH OTHERS
do
  [ -z "`echo $IP | grep -E '^[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}'`" ] && continue
  [ "`python $TOOLDIR/ckssh.py $IP $PORT`" == 'no' ] && echo "$IP" >> ipnologin.txt && continue

  let IPSEQ=$IPSEQ+1

  # 如果启用了忽略，则进入忽略流程
  if [ $IGNRFLAG == "ignr" ]; then
    ignore_init
    ignored_flag=0

    i=0
    while [ $i -lt $array_ignore_pwd_length ]
    do
      [ ${PASSWD}x == ${array_ignore_pwd[$i]}x ] && ignored_flag=1 && break
      let i=$i+1
    done

    [ $ignored_flag -eq 1 ] && continue

    j=0
    while [ $j -lt $array_ignore_ip_length ]
    do
      [ ${IP}x == ${array_ignore_ip[$j]}x ] && ignored_flag=1 && break
      let j=$j+1
    done

    [ $ignored_flag -eq 1 ] && continue

  fi

  ####### Try password from here ####
  for PW in $PASSWD $PASSWD_2ND $PASSWD_3RD $PASSWD_4TH
  do
    PASSWD_USE=$PW
    $TOOLDIR/ssh.exp $IP $USER $PW $PORT true $SSHTIMEOUT
    [ $? -eq 0 ] && PASSWD_USE=$PW && break
  done

  # 针对一个$IP，执行配置文件中的一整套操作
  while read eachline
  do
    # 必须以com或file开头
    [ -z "`echo $eachline | grep -E '^com|^file'`" ] && continue

    myKEYWORD=`echo $eachline | awk -F"$myIFS" '{ print $1 }'`
    myCONFIGLINE=`echo $eachline | awk -F"$myIFS" '{ print $2 }'`

    # 对配置文件中的预定义的可扩展特殊字符串进行扩展
    # 关键字#IP#，用$IP进行替换
    if [ ! -z "`echo "$myCONFIGLINE" | grep '#IP#'`" ]; then
      myCONFIGLINE_temp=`echo $myCONFIGLINE | sed "s/#IP#/$IP/g"`
      myCONFIGLINE=$myCONFIGLINE_temp
    fi

    # 时间相关关键字，用当前时间进行替换
    if [ ! -z "`echo "$myCONFIGLINE" | grep '#YYYY#'`" ]; then
      myYEAR=`date +%Y`
      myCONFIGLINE_temp=`echo $myCONFIGLINE | sed "s/#YYYY#/$myYEAR/g"`
      myCONFIGLINE=$myCONFIGLINE_temp
    fi

    if [ ! -z "`echo "$myCONFIGLINE" | grep '#MM#'`" ]; then
      myMONTH=`date +%m`
      myCONFIGLINE_temp=`echo $myCONFIGLINE | sed "s/#MM#/$myMONTH/g"`
      myCONFIGLINE=$myCONFIGLINE_temp
    fi

    if [ ! -z "`echo "$myCONFIGLINE" | grep '#DD#'`" ]; then
      myDATE=`date +%d`
      myCONFIGLINE_temp=`echo $myCONFIGLINE | sed "s/#DD#/$myDATE/g"`
      myCONFIGLINE=$myCONFIGLINE_temp
    fi

    if [ ! -z "`echo "$myCONFIGLINE" | grep '#hh#'`" ]; then
      myHOUR=`date +%H`
      myCONFIGLINE_temp=`echo $myCONFIGLINE | sed "s/#hh#/$myHOUR/g"`
      myCONFIGLINE=$myCONFIGLINE_temp
    fi

    if [ ! -z "`echo "$myCONFIGLINE" | grep '#mm#'`" ]; then
      myMINUTE=`date +%M`
      myCONFIGLINE_temp=`echo $myCONFIGLINE | sed "s/#mm#/$myMINUTE/g"`
      myCONFIGLINE=$myCONFIGLINE_temp
    fi

    if [ ! -z "`echo "$myCONFIGLINE" | grep '#ss#'`" ]; then
      mySECOND=`date +%S`
      myCONFIGLINE_temp=`echo $myCONFIGLINE | sed "s/#ss#/$mySECOND/g"`
      myCONFIGLINE=$myCONFIGLINE_temp
    fi

    # IPSEQ关键字，用当前IP的序列号替换，从1开始
    if [ ! -z "`echo "$myCONFIGLINE" | grep '#IPSEQ#'`" ]; then
      myCONFIGLINE_temp=`echo $myCONFIGLINE | sed "s/#IPSEQ#/$IPSEQ/g"`
      myCONFIGLINE=$myCONFIGLINE_temp
    fi

    # 配置文件中有关键字file:::，就调用scp.exp进行文件传送
    if [ "$myKEYWORD"x == "file"x ]; then
      SOURCEFILE=`echo $myCONFIGLINE | awk '{ print $1 }'`
      DESTDIR=`echo $myCONFIGLINE | awk '{ print $2 }'`
      DIRECTION=`echo $myCONFIGLINE | awk '{ print $3 }'`
      $TOOLDIR/scp.exp $IP $USER $PASSWD_USE $PORT $SOURCEFILE $DESTDIR $DIRECTION $BWLIMIT $SCPTIMEOUT

      [ $? -ne 0 ] && echo -e "33[31mSCP Try Out All Password Failed33[0mn"

    # 配置文件中有关键字com:::，就调用ssh.exp进行远程命令执行
    elif [ "$myKEYWORD"x == "com"x ]; then
      $TOOLDIR/ssh.exp $IP $USER $PASSWD_USE $PORT "${myCONFIGLINE}" $SSHTIMEOUT
      [ $? -ne 0 ] && echo -e "33[31mSSH Try Out All Password Failed33[0mn"

    else
      echo "ERROR: configuration wrong! [$eachline] "
      echo "       where KEYWORD should not be [$myKEYWORD], but 'com' or 'file'"
      echo "       if you dont want to run it, you can comment it with '#'"
      echo ""
      exit
    fi

  done < $CONFIG_FILE

done < $IPLIST

ENDDATETIME=`date "+%F %T"`

echo "$BEGINDATETIME -- $ENDDATETIME"
echo "$0 $* --excutes over!"

exit 0