nginx+keepalived配置高可用的负载均衡_集群与高可用

nginx+keepalived配置高可用的负载均衡: 发布时间：2020-07-14编辑：脚本学堂

今天为大家介绍nginx+keepalived实现前端反向代理/负载均衡高可用架构的搭建。

之前本站的一篇文章中介绍了 nginx作为反向代理/负载均衡服务器，假如nginx出现宕机的话，那么将无法转发请求到我们后端的网站服务器，今天为大家介绍nginx+keepalived实现前端反向代理/负载均衡高可用架构的搭建。

实验环境需要四台服务器，其实严格来讲三台就可以了，后端的网站服务器可以是单台也可以是多台。
备注：我这里四台机器的软件包都是安装操作系统时全部安装的。
具体环境：
IP地址          用途                      系统版本             nginx版本        keepalived版本
192.168.2.73    nginx+keepalived（MASTER） redhat 4.8(64位)     1.3.5            1.1.15
192.168.5.55    nginx+keepalived（BACKUP） RedHat 4.8(64位)     1.3.5            1.1.15
192.168.5.54    apache（系统自带）         RedHat 4.8(64位)     N/A              N/A
192.168.5.57    apache（系统自带）         RedHat 4.8(64位)     N/A              N/A
192.168.2.100   VIP（用于切换）

1、MASTER上安装nginx

复制代码代码如下:

groupadd www

useradd -g www www

tar zxvf nginx-1.3.5.tar.gz

cd nginx-1.3.5

./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module

make

make install

2、修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件如下：

复制代码代码如下:

user www www;
worker_processes 1;
pid        logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 1024;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024;
}
http
{
include       mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
keepalive_timeout 120;
server_tokens off;
send_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
upstream https {
server 192.168.5.54:8080;
server 192.168.5.57:8080;
}
log_format access_log '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request'
'"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer"'
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log access_log;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.2.73;
location / {
proxy_pass        http://https;
proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
}

3、检查配置文件是否有错误，出现如下两行则说明没问题！

复制代码代码如下:

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

4、安装keepalived

复制代码代码如下:

tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz
vi /usr/src/kernels/2.6.9-89.EL-smp-x86_64/include/linux/types.h

将如下两行注释掉，否则编译会出错，跟我这个版本的系统有关系，你的也许不要！
/*
typedef __u16 __bitwise __sum16;
typedef __u32 __bitwise __wsum;
*/
cd keepalived-1.1.15
./configure
make
make install

将keepalived作为系统服务启动

复制代码代码如下:

cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/

cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

mkdir /etc/keepalived/

cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

5、修改/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf配置文件如下：

复制代码代码如下:

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script Monitor_Nginx {
script "/root/scripts/monitor_nginx.sh" #根据自己的实际路径放置monitor_nginx.sh
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
Monitor_Nginx
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.2.100
}
}

6、从keepalived配置文件里面看到了有一处调用了一个脚本，脚本内容如下：

复制代码代码如下:

#!/bin/bash

if [ "$(ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process"| grep -v grep )" == "" ]

then

 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

 sleep 5

 if [ "$(ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process"| grep -v grep )" == "" ]

 then

 killall keepalived

 fi

fi

7、增加可执行权限
chmod +x /root/scripts/monitor_nginx.sh

注：备机的Nginx、keepalived和以上安装步骤一样，只是个别的地方要修改！
例如nginx的配置文件里面的server_name 192.168.2.73的IP地址改为server_name 192.168.5.55
例如keepalived的配置文件里面修改两处
state MASTER修改为state BACKUP
priority 100修改为priority 99
至此MASTER和BACKUP就配置完毕了！！！

8、配置两台apache服务器

复制代码代码如下:

登录192.168.5.54上操作：
[root@hadoop5 ~]# echo 'this is 192.168.5.54!' > /var/www/html/index.html
修改/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf文件的监听端口为8080
[root@hadoop5 ~]# sed -i 's/Listen 80/Listen 8080/g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@hadoop5 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start

登录192.168.5.57上操作：
[root@service ~]# echo 'Hello,This is 192.168.5.57!' > /var/www/html/index.html
修改/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf文件的监听端口为8080
[root@service ~]# sed -i 's/Listen 80/Listen 8080/g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@service ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start

9、测试
启动MASTER的keepalived服务
/etc/init.d/keepalived start

执行ip a命令看是否有192.168.2.100的VIP出现，再查看nginx是否已经启动？
ps -ef | grep nginx
[root@hadoop3 ~]# for i in $(seq 20); do curl http://192.168.2.100/; done
this is 192.168.5.54!
Hello,This is 192.168.5.57!
this is 192.168.5.54!
Hello,This is 192.168.5.57!
this is 192.168.5.54!
Hello,This is 192.168.5.57!
this is 192.168.5.54!
Hello,This is 192.168.5.57!
this is 192.168.5.54!
Hello,This is 192.168.5.57!
this is 192.168.5.54!
Hello,This is 192.168.5.57!
this is 192.168.5.54!
Hello,This is 192.168.5.57!
this is 192.168.5.54!
Hello,This is 192.168.5.57!
this is 192.168.5.54!
Hello,This is 192.168.5.57!
this is 192.168.5.54!
Hello,This is 192.168.5.57!
启动BACKUP的keepalived服务
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
查看nginx服务也随之启动了

停止MASTER的keepalived服务，查看BACKUP是否已接替了VIP地址？
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
[root@nagios-server scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:14:22:4a:ec:39 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.5.55/21 brd 192.168.7.255 scope global eth0
    inet 192.168.2.100/32 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::214:22ff:fe4a:ec39/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
    link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

查看BACKUP的/var/log/messages日志是否接管VIP？
Oct 11 12:27:18 nagios-server Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Oct 11 12:27:18 nagios-server Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.2.100
Oct 11 12:27:22 nagios-server Keepalived_vrrp: ip address associated with VRID not present in received packet : 1677895872
Oct 11 12:27:22 nagios-server Keepalived_vrrp: one or more VIP associated with VRID mismatch actual MASTER advert

然后再启动MASTER的keepalived服务，看是否接管VIP？
/etc/init.d/keepalived start

执行ip a命令查看是否有192.168.2.100地址？
查看messages日志
Oct 11 13:06:27 hadoop3 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.2.100
Oct 11 13:06:28 hadoop3 Keepalived_vrrp: ip address associated with VRID not present in received packet : 1677895872
Oct 11 13:06:28 hadoop3 Keepalived_vrrp: one or more VIP associated with VRID mismatch actual MASTER advert
Oct 11 13:06:28 hadoop3 Keepalived_vrrp: bogus VRRP packet received on eth0 !!!
以上信息说明已经配置成功。

上一篇：搭建haproxy反向代理/负载均衡笔记
下一篇：如何测试网站集群节点的页面访问是否正常

与 nginx+keepalived配置高可用的负载均衡有关的文章

本文标题：nginx+keepalived配置高可用的负载均衡
本页链接：http://www.jb200.com/article/2916.html

浏览排行

栏目分类

热点文章

nginx+keepalived配置高可用的负载均衡