在python中单元测试可以使用doctest,unittest完成，下面通过实例来介绍。
1.doctest的使用
(1)写入程序(cubetest.py)：
复制代码 代码示例:
#!/usr/bin/python
def cube(x):
"""
cube a number and return the result
>>> cube(2)
8
>>> cube(3)
27
>>> cube(4)
64
"""
return x**3;
if __name__=='__main__':
import doctest;
doctest.testmod(verbose=True);
测试用例写在字符串””” cube a number… “””中。
调用doctest中的testmod的方法即可测试。
输出：
Trying:
cube(2)
Expecting:
8
ok
Trying:
cube(3)
Expecting:
27
ok
Trying:
cube(4)
Expecting:
64
ok
1 itemshad no tests:
__main__
1 itemspassed all tests:
3 tests in __main__.cube
3 testsin 2 items.
3 passedand 0 failed.
Testpassed.
TestResults(failed=0, attempted=3)
(2)也可以把测试用例写在记事本文件中。
新建记事本example.txt,写入内容：
复制代码 代码示例:
>>> from cubetest import cube
>>> cube(1)
1
>>> cube(2)
8
>>> cube(4)
64
然后写测试代码 test.py：
复制代码 代码示例:
import doctest
doctest.testfile("example.txt")
使用python test.py –v 执行测试代码，可以得到以下结果
Trying:
from cubetest import cube
Expectingnothing
ok
Trying:
cube(1)
Expecting:
1
ok
Trying:
cube(2)
Expecting:
8
ok
Trying:
cube(4)
Expecting:
64
ok
1 items passedall tests:
4 tests in example.txt
4 tests in 1items.
4 passed and 0failed.
Test passed.
2.unittest的使用
(1)写待测试的程序如下：
复制代码 代码示例:
def iseven(x):
if(x%2==0):
return 1;
else:
return 0;
def isodd(x):
if(x%2==1):
return 1;
else:
return 0;
测试程序中的类eventest类继承自TestCase,它包含setUp() ,test_1(),test_2()和tearDown()四个方法。在测试运行前，会自动运行setUp()方法，在测试完成之前，会自动调用tearDown()方法。test_1()和test_2()是自定义的测试方法。
写测试程序如下：
复制代码 代码示例:
import unittest,evenodd
class eventest(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.ex1=range(0,2,20);
self.ex2=range(1,2,20);
def test_1(self):
for x in self.ex1:
x=evenodd.iseven(x);
self.assertEqual(x,1);
for x in self.ex2:
x=evenodd.iseven(x);
self.assertEqual(x,0);
def test_2(self):
for x in self.ex1:
x=evenodd.isodd(x);
self.assertEqual(x,0);
for x in self.ex2:
x=evenodd.isodd(x);
self.assertEqual(x,1);
def tearDown(self):
self.ex1=None;
self.ex2=None;
if __name__=='__main__':
unittest.main();
上面用到了self.AssertEqual(),类似的判断方法还有：
assertNotEqual(a,b) a!=b
asserTrue(x) bool(x)为真
assertFalse(x) bool(x)为假
assertIs(a,b) a is b
assertIsNot(a,b) a is not b
assertIsNone(x) x is None
assertIsNotNone(x) x is not None
assertIn (a,b) a in b
assertNotIn(a,b) a not in b
assertIsInstance(a,b) isinstance(a,b)
assertNotIsInstance(a,b) not instance(a,b)
(2) 也可以使用TestSuite对测试用例进行封装，下面的程序定义了类evensuite，它继承自类TestSuite，方法addTest()用于添加测试方法。
测试程序：
复制代码 代码示例:
import unittest,evenodd
class eventest(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.ex1=range(0,2,20);
self.ex2=range(1,2,20);
def test_1(self):
for x in self.ex1:
x=evenodd.iseven(x);
self.assertEqual(x,1);
for x in self.ex2:
x=evenodd.iseven(x);
self.assertEqual(x,0);
def test_2(self):
for x in self.ex1:
x=evenodd.isodd(x);
self.assertEqual(x,0);
for x in self.ex2:
x=evenodd.isodd(x);
self.assertEqual(x,1);
def tearDown(self):
self.ex1=None;
self.ex2=None;
class evensuite(unittest.TestSuite):
def suite(self):
suite=unittest.TestSuite();
suite.addTest(eventest('test_1'));
suite.addTest(eventest('test_2'));
return suite;
if __name__=='__main__':
unittest.main();
运行程序 ，结果输出：
_ _
ran 2 tests in 0.001s
OK
