memcached是针对数据库的缓存软件，可以有效降低数据库的负载。
本文介绍的内容是如何将多个memcached做成集群负载均衡,实现memcached的高可用。
一、安装步骤：
1、编译安装libevent：
复制代码 代码如下:
tar zxvf libevent-1.4.9-stable.tar.gz
cd libevent-1.4.9-stable/
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
2、编译安装Memcached：
复制代码 代码如下:
tar zxvf memcached-1.2.6.tar.gz
cd memcached-1.2.6/
./configure --with-libevent=/usr
make && make install
3、编译安装magent：
复制代码 代码如下:
mkdir magent
cd magent/
tar zxvf magent-0.5.tar.gz
/sbin/ldconfig
sed -i "s/LIBS = -levent/LIBS = -levent -lm/g" Makefile
make
cp magent /usr/bin/magent
二、实例：
复制代码 代码如下:
memcached -m 1 -u root -d -l 10.1.94.100 -p 11211
memcached -m 1 -u root -d -l 10.1.94.101 -p 11211
memcached -m 1 -u root -d -l 10.1.94.102 -p 11211
magent -u root -n 51200 -l 127.0.0.1 -p 12000 -s 10.1.94.100:11211 -s 10.1.94.101:11211 -b 10.1.94.102:11211
1、分别在10.1.94.100 – 10.1.94.102 3台机器的11211端口启动3个Memcached进程，在12000端口开启magent代理程序；(以此类推可在不同机器上启动memcached)
2、10.1.94.100和101为主Memcached，10.1.94.102为备份Memcached；
3、连接上12000的magent，set key1和set key2，根据哈希算法，key1被写入10.1.94.100和10.1.94.102的Memcached，key2被写入
10.1.94.101和10.1.94.102的Memcached；
4、当10.1.94.100和101的Memcached死掉，连接到12000端口的magent取数据，数据会从10.1.94.102的Memcached取出；
5、当10.1.94.100和101的Memcached重启复活，连接到12000端口，magent会从10.1.94.100或10.1.94.101的Memcached取数据，
由于这两台Memcached重启后无数据，因此magent取得的将是空值，尽管10.1.94.102的Memcached还有数据(此问题尚待改进)。
三、整个测试流程：
先在magent中添加1个key 如下:
复制代码 代码如下:
telnet 127.0.0.1 12000
Trying 127.0.0.1…
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is ‘^]’.
stats
memcached agent v0.4
matrix 1 -> 127.0.0.1:11211, pool size 0
matrix 2 -> 127.0.0.1:11212, pool size 0
END
set key1 0 0 8
wangqi
STORED
set key2 0 0 8
wangqi
STORED
quit
Connection closed by foreign host.
然后在2个轮询的memcached中get刚才添加的key是否返回正确:
复制代码 代码如下:
telnet 10.1.94.100 11211
Trying 10.1.94.100…
Connected to 10.1.94.100.
Escape character is ‘^]’.
get key1
END
get key2
VALUE key2 0 8
wangqi
END
quit
Connection closed by foreign host.
telnet 10.1.94.101 11211
Trying 10.1.94.101…
Connected to 10.1.94.101.
Escape character is ‘^]’.
get key1
VALUE key1 0 8
wangqi
END
get key2
END
quit
Connection closed by foreign host.
telnet 10.1.94.103 11211
Trying 10.1.94.103…
Connected to 10.1.94.103.
Escape character is ‘^]’.
get key1
VALUE key1 0 8
wangqi
END
get key2
VALUE key2 0 8
wangqi
END
quit
Connection closed by foreign host.
模拟10.1.94.100和101的Memcached死掉
直接kill进程然后:
复制代码 代码如下:
telnet 127.0.0.1 12000
Trying 127.0.0.1…
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is ‘^]’.
get key1
VALUE key1 0 8
wangqi
END
get key2
VALUE key2 0 8
wangqi
END
quit
Connection closed by foreign host.
模拟10.1.94.100和101的Memcached重启复活
复制代码 代码如下:
telnet 127.0.0.1 12000
Trying 127.0.0.1…
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is ‘^]’.
get key1
END
get key2
END
quit
Connection closed by foreign host.
magent -u root(启动用户uid) -n 51200(最大连接数) -l 127.0.0.1(IP地址) -p 12000(监听端口) -s 127.0.0.1:11211(memcached的ip) -s 127.0.0.1:11212(memcached的ip) -b 127.0.0.1:11213(备份memcached的ip)
如果不需要轮询hash的话，只需要一主一备即可。
但是当主当掉后备份memcached接手，然后主服务恢复后数据会根据主服务器走。
