sql server存储过程语法入门实例教程

exec sp_databases; --查看数据库
exec sp_tables;  --查看表
exec sp_columns student;--查看列
exec sp_helpIndex student;--查看索引
exec sp_helpConstraint student;--约束
exec sp_stored_procedures;
exec sp_helptext 'sp_stored_procedures';--查看存储过程创建、定义语句
exec sp_rename student, stuInfo;--修改表、索引、列的名称
exec sp_renamedb myTempDB, myDB;--更改数据库名称
exec sp_defaultdb 'master', 'myDB';--更改登录名的默认数据库
exec sp_helpdb;--数据库帮助，查询数据库信息
exec sp_helpdb master;

--表重命名
exec sp_rename 'stu', 'stud';
select * from stud;
--列重命名
exec sp_rename 'stud.name', 'sName', 'column';
exec sp_help 'stud';
--重命名索引
exec sp_rename N'student.idx_cid', N'idx_cidd', N'index';
exec sp_help 'student';

--查询所有存储过程
select * from sys.objects where type = 'P';
select * from sys.objects where type_desc like '%pro%' and name like 'sp%';
 

--创建存储过程
if (exists (select * from sys.objects where name = 'proc_get_student'))
 drop proc proc_get_student
go
create proc proc_get_student
as
 select * from student;

--调用、执行存储过程
exec proc_get_student;

--修改存储过程
alter proc proc_get_student
as
select * from student;

--带参存储过程
if (object_id('proc_find_stu', 'P') is not null)
 drop proc proc_find_stu
go
create proc proc_find_stu(@startId int, @endId int)
as
 select * from student where id between @startId and @endId
go

exec proc_find_stu 2, 4;

--带通配符参数存储过程
if (object_id('proc_findStudentByName', 'P') is not null)
 drop proc proc_findStudentByName
go
create proc proc_findStudentByName(@name varchar(20) = '%j%', @nextName varchar(20) = '%')
as
 select * from student where name like @name and name like @nextName;
go

exec proc_findStudentByName;
exec proc_findStudentByName '%o%', 't%';

if (object_id('proc_getStudentRecord', 'P') is not null)
 drop proc proc_getStudentRecord
go
create proc proc_getStudentRecord(
 @id int, --默认输入参数
 @name varchar(20) out, --输出参数
 @age varchar(20) output--输入输出参数
)
as
 select @name = name, @age = age  from student where id = @id and sex = @age;
go

--
declare @id int,
  @name varchar(20),
  @temp varchar(20);
set @id = 7;
set @temp = 1;
exec proc_getStudentRecord @id, @name out, @temp output;
select @name, @temp;
print @name + '#' + @temp;

--WITH RECOMPILE 不缓存
if (object_id('proc_temp', 'P') is not null)
 drop proc proc_temp
go
create proc proc_temp
with recompile
as
 select * from student;
go

exec proc_temp;

--加密WITH ENCRYPTION
if (object_id('proc_temp_encryption', 'P') is not null)
 drop proc proc_temp_encryption
go
create proc proc_temp_encryption
with encryption
as
 select * from student;
go

exec proc_temp_encryption;
exec sp_helptext 'proc_temp';
exec sp_helptext 'proc_temp_encryption';

if (object_id('proc_cursor', 'P') is not null)
 drop proc proc_cursor
go
create proc proc_cursor
 @cur cursor varying output
as
 set @cur = cursor forward_only static for
 select id, name, age from student;
 open @cur;
go
--调用
declare @exec_cur cursor;
declare @id int,
  @name varchar(20),
  @age int;
exec proc_cursor @cur = @exec_cur output;--调用存储过程
fetch next from @exec_cur into @id, @name, @age;
while (@@fetch_status = 0)
begin
 fetch next from @exec_cur into @id, @name, @age;
 print 'id: ' + convert(varchar, @id) + ', name: ' + @name + ', age: ' + convert(char, @age);
end
close @exec_cur;
deallocate @exec_cur;--删除游标

---存储过程、row_number完成分页
if (object_id('pro_page', 'P') is not null)
 drop proc proc_cursor
go
create proc pro_page
 @startIndex int,
 @endIndex int
as
 select count(*) from product
;
 select * from (
  select row_number() over(order by pid) as rowId, * from product
 ) temp
 where temp.rowId between @startIndex and @endIndex
go
--drop proc pro_page
exec pro_page 1, 4
--
--分页存储过程
if (object_id('pro_page', 'P') is not null)
 drop proc pro_stu
go
create procedure pro_stu(
 @pageIndex int,
 @pageSize int
)
as
 declare @startRow int, @endRow int
 set @startRow = (@pageIndex - 1) * @pageSize +1
 set @endRow = @startRow + @pageSize -1
 select * from (
  select *, row_number() over (order by id asc) as number from student
 ) t
 where t.number between @startRow and @endRow;

exec pro_stu 2, 2;

# state：介于1至127直接的任何整数。State默认值是1。
raiserror('is error', 16, 1);
select * from sys.messages;
--使用sysmessages中定义的消息
raiserror(33003, 16, 1);
raiserror(33006, 16, 1);