oracle数据与文本导入、导出的实例代码_Oracle

oracle数据与文本导入、导出的实例代码: 发布时间：2020-06-29编辑：脚本学堂

本文介绍下，在oracle中将数据导出到文本，以及将文本导入到数据的实例代码，供大家学习参考。

oracle提供了sqlldr的工具，有时需要讲数据导入到文本，oracle的spool可以轻松实现。
方便的实现oracle导出数据到txt、txt导入数据到oracle。

一、导出数据到txt
用all_objects表做测试

复制代码代码示例:

SQL> desc all_objects;

 Name                                      Null?    Type

 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

 OWNER                                     NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)

 OBJECT_NAME                               NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)

 SUBOBJECT_NAME                                     VARCHAR2(30)

 OBJECT_ID                                 NOT NULL NUMBER

 DATA_OBJECT_ID                                     NUMBER

 OBJECT_TYPE                                        VARCHAR2(19)

 CREATED                                   NOT NULL DATE

 LAST_DDL_TIME                             NOT NULL DATE

 TIMESTAMP                                          VARCHAR2(19)

 STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(7)

 TEMPORARY                                          VARCHAR2(1)

 GENERATED                                          VARCHAR2(1)

 SECONDARY                                          VARCHAR2(1)

拿object_id,object_name做导出、导入测试。

一些设置满足数据导出的样式：
vi exp_table.sql

复制代码代码示例:

set line 1000         --设置行的长度
set pagesize 0        --输出不换页
set feedback off      --默认的当一条sql发出的时候，oracle会给一个反馈，比如说创建表的时候，如果成功命令行会返回类似：Table created的反馈,off后不显示反馈
set heading off       --不显示表头信息
set trimspool on      --如果trimspool设置为on，将移除spool文件中的尾部空
set trims on          --去掉空字符
set echo off;　　　　   --显示start启动的脚本中的每个sql命令，缺省为on
set colsep '|'         --设置分隔符
set termout off        --不在屏幕上显示结果
spool db1.txt          --记录数据到db1.txt
select object_id,object_name from all_objects; --导出数据语句
spool off              --收集完毕
exit

一切就绪后导出数据：

复制代码代码示例:

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:35:14 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i 's/ //g' db1.txt --可选，去除每行开头部分的空格
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|ICOL$
44|I_USER1
28|CON$
15|UNDO$
29|C_COBJ#
3|I_OBJ#
25|PROXY_ROLE_DATA$

导出后检查数据的记录数是否正确

复制代码代码示例:

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l
49988
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:36:21 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select count(*) from all_objects;

COUNT(*)
----------
49988 --数据正确

二、从txt导入数据到oracle
sqlldr是通过一个control文件设定后，从文本导入数据

建立一张测试表

复制代码代码示例:

SQL> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50));

Table created.

建立一个control文件
vi tb_sqlldr.ctl

复制代码代码示例:

load data                 

infile 'db1.txt'            --数据来源文本

append into table tb_sqlldr    --数据导入到表tb_sqldr中，导入方式为追加，如果想覆盖

fields terminated by "|"    --4、字段终止于X'09'，是一个制表符(tab)

(id,name)                    --定义对应的字段名称，注意顺序

导入数据分成四种模式，可以根据需求选择：
APPEND // 原先的表有数据就加在后面
INSERT // 装载空表如果原先的表有数据 sqlloader会停止默认值
REPLACE // 原先的表有数据原先的数据会全部删除
TRUNCATE // 指定的内容和replace的相同会用truncate语句删除现存数据

执行导入操作

复制代码代码示例:

sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl

差不多5w的数据短短2s解决

执行导入后验证数据

复制代码代码示例:

SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;

  COUNT(*)

----------

     49988

导入成功

再执行一次导入操作，由于设置为追加：

复制代码代码示例:

SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;

COUNT(*)
----------
99976

记录翻倍

sqlldr还有很多参数供选择，比如log、bad这些，查看帮助即可。

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldr

SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 17:07:26 2013

Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]

Valid Keywords:

    userid -- ORACLE username/password
   control -- control file name
       log -- log file name
       bad -- bad file name
      data -- data file name
   discard -- discard file name
discardmax -- number of discards to allow          (Default all)
      skip -- number of logical records to skip    (Default 0)
      load -- number of logical records to load    (Default all)
    errors -- number of errors to allow            (Default 50)
      rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves
               (Default: Conventional path 64, Direct path all)
bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes (Default 256000)
    silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)
    direct -- use direct path                      (Default FALSE)
   parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
parallel -- do parallel load                     (Default FALSE)
      file -- file to allocate extents from
skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions (Default FALSE)
skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable (Default FALSE)
commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued (Default FALSE)
readsize -- size of read buffer                  (Default 1048576)
external_table -- use external table for load; NOT_USED, GENERATE_ONLY, EXECUTE (Default NOT_USED)
columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array (Default 5000)
streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes (Default 256000)
multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path
resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session (Default FALSE)
resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE (Default 7200)
date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache (Default 1000)

PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either by
position or by keywords. An example of the former case is 'sqlldr
scott/tiger foo'; an example of the latter is 'sqlldr control=foo
userid=scott/tiger'. One may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords. For example,
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log' is allowed, but
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log' is not, even though the
position of the parameter 'log' is correct.

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