(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PECL intl >= 1.0.0)
grapheme_extract — Function to extract a sequence of default grapheme clusters from a text buffer, which must be encoded in UTF-8.
Procedural style
Function to extract a sequence of default grapheme clusters from a text buffer, which must be encoded in UTF-8.
String to search.
Maximum number items - based on the $extract_type - to return.
Defines the type of units referred to by the $size parameter:
Starting position in $haystack in bytes - if given, it must be zero or a positive value that is less than or equal to the length of $haystack in bytes. The default is zero. If $start does not point to the first byte of a UTF-8 character, the start position is moved to the next character boundary.
Reference to a value that will be set to the next starting position. When the call returns, this may point to the first byte position past the end of the string.
A string starting at offset $start and ending on a default grapheme cluster boundary that conforms to the $size and $extract_type specified.
Example #1 grapheme_extract() example
<?php
$char_a_ring_nfd = "a\xCC\x8A"; // 'LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE' (U+00E5) normalization form "D"
$char_o_diaeresis_nfd = "o\xCC\x88"; // 'LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS' (U+00F6) normalization form "D"
print urlencode(grapheme_extract( $char_a_ring_nfd . $char_o_diaeresis_nfd, 1, GRAPHEME_EXTR_COUNT, 2));
?>
上例将输出：
o%CC%88