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Table 3-3. System V IPC²ÎÊý
| Ãû×Ö | ÃèÊö | ºÏÀíÈ¡Öµ |
|---|---|---|
| SHMMAX | ×î´ó¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¶Î³ß´ç£¨×Ö½Ú£© | 250kB + 8.2 kB * shared_buffers + 14.2 kB * max_connections »òÕßÎÞÇî´ó |
| SHMMIN | ×îС¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¶Î³ß´ç£¨×Ö½Ú£© | 1 |
| SHMALL | ¿ÉÓù²ÏíÄÚ´æµÄ×ÜÊýÁ¿(×Ö½Ú»òÕßÒ³Ãæ) | Èç¹ûÊÇ×Ö½Ú£¬¾ÍºÍ SHMMAX Ò»Ñù£»Èç¹ûÊÇÒ³Ã棬ceil(SHMMAX/PAGE_SIZE) |
| SHMSEG | ÿ½ø³Ì×î´ó¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¶ÎÊýÁ¿ | Ö»ÐèÒª 1 ¸ö¶Î£¬²»¹ýȱʡ±ÈÕâ¸ßµÃ¶à£® |
| SHMMNI | ϵͳ·¶Î§×î´ó¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¶ÎÊýÁ¿ | ÀàËÆ SHMSEG ¼ÓÉÏÓÃÓÚÆäËûÓ¦ÓõĿռä |
| SEMMNI | ÐźŵƱêʶ·ûµÄ×îСÊýÁ¿£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬Ì×£© | >= ceil(max_connections % 16) |
| SEMMNS | ϵͳ·¶Î§µÄ×î´óÐźŵÆÊýÁ¿ | ceil(max_connections / 16) * 17+ ÓÃÓÚÆäËûÓ¦ÓõĿռä |
| SEMMSL | ÿÌ×ÐźŵÆ×îСÐźŵÆÊýÁ¿ | >= 17 |
| SEMMAP | ÐźŵÆÓ³ÉäÀïµÄ¼Ç¼ÊýÁ¿ | ²ÎÔÄÎı¾ |
| SEMVMX | ÐźŵƵÄ×î´óÖµ | >= 255 £¨È±Ê¡Í¨³£ÊÇ32767£¬³ý·Ç±»ÒªÇ󣬷ñÔò²»ÒªÐ޸ģ© |
×îÖØÒªµÄ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ²ÎÊýÊÇ SHMMAX£¬ ÒÔ×ֽڼǵĹ²ÏíÄÚ´æ¶Î¿ÉÓµÓеÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£® Èç¹ûÄãÊÕµ½À´×ÔshmgetµÄÀàËÆInvalid argument ÕâÑùµÄ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢£¬ÄÇôºÜÓпÉÄÜÊÇÄ㳬¹ýÏÞÖÆÁË£® ÒªÇóµÄ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¶ÎËæ×ÅÇëÇóµÄ»º³åÇøÊýÁ¿£¨-BÑ¡ÏºÍ ÔÊÐíµÄÁ¬½ÓÊýÁ¿£¨-NÑ¡ÏµÄ±ä»¯¶ø±ä»¯£¬¾¡¹ÜÇ°ÕßÊÇ ×îÖØÒªµÄÒòËØ£® £¨Òò´Ë£¬×÷ΪһÖÖÁÙʱµÄ½â¾ö·½·¨£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ½µµÍÕâЩÉèÖÃÀ´Èƹýʧ°Ü£®£© Èç¹û´ÖÂԵعÀ¼Æ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ¹À¼ÆËùÐèÒªµÄ¶Î³ß´çÊÇ»º³åÇøÊýÁ¿³ËÒÔ¿é ³ß´ç£¨È±Ê¡ 8 kB£©¼ÓÉÏ×ã¹»µÄÓ¯ÓࣨÖÁÉÙ°ëÕ××Ö½Ú£©£® ÈκδíÎóÐÅÏ¢¶¼»á°üº¬·ÖÅäʧ°ÜµÄ³ß´ç£®
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PostgreSQL ÿ¸öÔÊÐíµÄÁª½ÓʹÓÃÒ»¸öÐÅºÅµÆ £¨-NÑ¡Ï£¬ ÒÔ 16 ¸öΪһÌ×£®Ã¿Ì×Ðźŵƻ¹°üº¬µÚÊ®Æ߸öÐźŵƣ¬ ËüÀïÃæ´æ´¢Ò»¸ö"magic number£¨±êÖ¾Êý×Ö£©"£¬ ÒÔ¼ì²âºÍÆäËûÓ¦ÓÃʹÓõÄÐźŵƼ¯³åÍ»£® ϵͳÀïµÄ×î´óÐźŵÆÊýÄ¿ÊÇÓÉSEMMNSÉèÖõģ¬ Òò´ËÕâ¸öÖµÓ¦¸ÃÖÁÉÙºÍÁª½ÓÉèÖÃÒ»Ñù´ó£¬²¢ÇÒÿʮÁù¸öÁª½Ó»¹ÒªÁíÍâ¼ÓÒ»¸ö£® £¨²ÎÔÄTable 3-3 ÀïÃæµÄ¹«Ê½£®£© ²ÎÊýSEMMNI¾ö¶¨ ϵͳÀïÒ»´Î¿ÉÒÔ´æÔÚµÄÐźŵƼ¯µÄÊýÄ¿£®Òò´ËÕâ¸ö²ÎÊýÖÁÉÙÓ¦¸ÃΪ ceil(max_connections % 16)£®½µµÍÔÊÐíµÄÁª½ÓÊýÄ¿ÊÇÒ»¸öÁÙʱµÄ ÈÆ¿ªÊ§°ÜµÄ·½·¨£¬Õâ¸öÆô¶¯Ê§°Üͨ³£±»À´×Ôº¯Êýsemget() µÄ´íÎóÏìÓ¦ "No space left on device"¸ãµÃºÜÈÃÈËÃÔ»ó£®
ÓÐʱºò»¹¿ÉÄÜÓбØÒªÔö´óSEMMAP£¬Ê¹Ö®ÖÁÉÙ°´ÕÕ SEMMNSÅäÖã®Õâ¸ö²ÎÊý¶¨ÒåÐźŵÆ×ÊÔ´Ó³ÉäµÄ³ß´ç£¬ ¿ÉÓõÄÿ¸öÁ¬ÐøµÄÐźŵƿéÔÚÕâ¸öÓ³ÉäÖдæ·ÅÒ»Ìõ¼Ç¼£® ÿµ±Ò»Ì×ÐźŵƱ»ÊÍ·Å£¬ÄÇôËüҪô»á¼ÓÈëµ½¸ÃÓ³ÉäÖÐÒ»ÌõÏàÁ¬µÄ ÒÑÊͷŵĿéµÄÈë¿ÚÖУ¬ÒªÃ´×¢²á³ÉÒ»ÌõеÄÈë¿Ú£®Èç¹ûÓ³ÉäÌîÂúÁËËéƬ£¬ ÄÇô±»ÊͷŵÄÐźŵƾͶªÊ§ÁË£¨³ý·ÇÖØÆ𣩣®Òò´Ëʱ¼ä³¤ÐźŵƿռäµÄËéƬ Á˻ᵼÖ¿ÉÓõÄÐźŵƱÈÓ¦¸ÃÓеÄÐźŵÆÉÙ£®
SEMMSL ²ÎÊý£¬¾ö¶¨Ò»Ì×ÐźŵÆÀï¿ÉÒÔÓжàÉÙÐźŵƣ¬¶ÔÓÚ PostgreSQL¶øÑÔÓ¦¸ÃÖÁÉÙÊÇ 17£®
Ðí¶àÉèÖÃÓë "semaphore undo£¨Ðźŵƻָ´£©"Óйأ¬±ÈÈç SEMMNU ºÍ SEMUME£¬ÕâЩÓë PostgreSQLÎ޹أ®
¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ. ȱʡʱÊÇÖ»Ö§³Ö 4 MB µÄ¹²ÏíÄڴ森Çë¼Çס¹²ÏíÄÚ´æÊDz»ÄÜ·ÖÒ³µÄ£»ËüÊÇ ËøÔÚ RAM ÀïÃæµÄ£®ÒªÔö¼Ó postmaster Ö§³ÖµÄ¹²Ïí»º³åÇøÊýÄ¿£¬Ïò ÄãµÄÄÚºËÅäÖÃÎļþÀïÔö¼ÓÏÂÃæµÄÐУ®Ò»¸öֵΪ 1024 µÄ SHMALL ´ú±í 4 M ¹²ÏíÄڴ森ÏÂÃæµÄ¶«Î÷°Ñ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æÇøÓòÔö¼Óµ½ 32 MB¡Ã
options "SHMALL=8192" options "SHMMAX=\(SHMALL*PAGE_SIZE\)"
¶ÔÓÚÔËÐÐ 4.1 »ò¸üеİ汾µÄÈË£¬Ö»ÐèÒª×öÉÏÃæµÄÐ޸ģ¬ È»ºó±àÒëÄں˲¢ÖØÆ𣮶ÔÓÚÔËÐÐ ¸üÔçµÄ°æ±¾µÄ£¬ÇëÓà bpatch ÕÒ³öµ±Ç°ÄÚºËµÄ sysptsizeÖµ£®ËüÊÇÆô¶¯µÄʱºò×Ô¶¯¼ÆËãµÄ£®
$ bpatch -r sysptsize 0x9 = 9
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options "SYSPTSIZE=16"
sysptsize²»ÄÜÓà sysctl Ð޸ģ®
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options "SEMMNI=40" options "SEMMNS=240" options "SEMUME=40" options "SEMMNU=120"
±àÒëÄÚºËʱ ÐèÒª°ÑÑ¡ÏîSYSVSHM ºÍ SYSVSEM´ò¿ª£® £¨È±Ê¡ÊÇ´ò¿ªµÄ£®£© ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊÇÓÉÑ¡ÏîSHMMAXPGS£¨ÒÔÒ³¼Æ£©£® ÏÂÃæÏÔʾÁËÒ»¸öÈçºÎÉèÖÃÕâЩ²ÎÊýµÄÀý×Ó£º
options SYSVSHM options SHMMAXPGS=4096 options SHMSEG=256 options SYSVSEM options SEMMNI=256 options SEMMNS=512 options SEMMNU=256 options SEMMAP=256
(ÔÚ NetBSD ºÍ OpenBSDÀ¹Ø¼ü×Öʵ¼ÊÉÏÊǵ¥ÊýµÄ option)
Äã¿ÉÄÜÔÒâʹÓà sysctl ÉèÖý«¹²ÏíÄÚ´æËøÔÚ RAM ÖÐÒÔ±ÜÃâËüÃDZ»½»»»³öÈ¥£¬Ò²¼´£¬kern.ipc.shm_use_phys¡£
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IPC¿ÉÒÔÔÚ System Administration Manager£¨ÏµÍ³¹ÜÀíÆ÷£© (SAM)ÏÂÃæµÄ Kernel Configuration->Configurable Parameters ÅäÖã®ÄãÅäÖÃÍêÁËÒÔºóÇà Create A New KernelÑ¡Ï
ÔÚ 2.2 ÄÚºËÀïȱʡµÄ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æÏÞÖÆ£¨ SHMMAX ºÍ SHMALL£©¶¼ÊÇ 32 MB£¬µ«ÊÇÄã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ proc ÎļþϵͳÀïÐÞ¸ÄÕâЩֵ£¨²»ÓÃÖØÆ𣩣® ±ÈÈ磬ҪÔÊÐí 128 MB£º
$ echo 134217728 >/proc/sys/kernel/shmall $ echo 134217728 >/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
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kernel.shmall = 134217728 kernel.shmmax = 134217728
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±à¼Îļþ /System/Library/StartupItems/SystemTuning/SystemTuning ²¢ÇÒÐÞ¸ÄÏÂÁÐÊýÖµ£º
sysctl -w kern.sysv.shmmax sysctl -w kern.sysv.shmmin sysctl -w kern.sysv.shmmni sysctl -w kern.sysv.shmseg sysctl -w kern.sysv.shmall
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set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=0x2000000 set shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1 set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=256 set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=256 set semsys:seminfo_semmap=256 set semsys:seminfo_semmni=512 set semsys:seminfo_semmns=512 set semsys:seminfo_semmsl=32
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